However, the association between urinary tract microbiota and men with LUTS, particularly those with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), has not been established. ![]() In women, fascinating evidence associates urinary tract microbiota with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). ![]() Recently, many studies have revealed evidence of a microbial presence in human urine in the absence of clinical infections. Rapidly developing sequencing methods and analytical techniques have detected bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid and live bacteria in urine, improving our ability to understand the urinary tract microbiome. Historically, urine in the urinary tract was considered “sterile” based primarily on culture-dependent methods of bacterial detection. NGU may be caused by a number of different bacteria but more studies including a higher number of samples are needed for elucidation of the role of each species. The male urethra contain a very diverse composition of bacteria, even in healthy controls. Hierarchical clustering in a heatmap showed no specific clustering of patients or controls.Ī number of IU patient samples were dominated by a single genus previously related to urethritis (Gardnerella, Haemophilus, Ureaplasma). Still the most dominant 1/6 of the genera constituted 79% of the sequences. More than 50% of the OTUs were only found in one or two of the total of 85 samples. The microbiota was highly diverse: None of the 302 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found in negative controls and IU patients were found in all of the samples or even in all of the samples in one group. Forty-six controls and 39 idiopathic urethritis patients were analysed. negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and -2 together with samples from men without urethritis. This case-control study analysed first void urine samples, collected at STD clinics in Stockholm, Sweden from men with idiopathic urethritis (IU), i.e. ![]() To address this, we used culture-independent methods for analysis of the male urethral microbiota. Traditionally, pathogens have been detected using various culture techniques that may not identify all species present in the urethra. Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium are the most common causes of NGU, but in up to 35% of the cases, none of the known viral or bacterial causes are found. NGU may have several causes, but many cases are caused by sexually transmitted infections that may also cause complications in their female partners. Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a common syndrome in men.
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